Digital Twins for Electromagnetic and Energy Transmission Systems: Mathematical Foundations and Simulation Frameworks

Authors: Theophilus Asiedu Nketiah, Gabriel Opeyemi Oladipupo, Yaw Owusu-Agyemang

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37082/IJIRMPS.v14.i2.232988

Short DOI: https://doi.org/hbr54c

Country: United States

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Abstract: Digital twin technology has emerged as a transformative force in modern engineering. It allows real-time interrelations of physical and virtual resources to be used in the process of monitoring, optimization, and predictive control. This review examines the mathematical foundations and simulation frameworks that support the creation of digital twins, with particular focus on electromagnetic and energy transmission systems. It explores the integration of classical mathematical models that are based on Maxwell equations, finite elements, and model order reduction with modern data-driven and hybrid model strategies to boost accuracy and scalability. The paper also evaluates the progress made in simulation architectures with key features of co-simulation, hardware-in-the-loop testing, and data standards that work together to ensure coordination between the physical and digital worlds. Nevertheless, although there is significant advancement in the accuracy of computing and integration across domains, there are still issues of standardization, cybersecurity, and real-time data assimilation. The paper concludes that to develop digital twins applications in energy and electromagnetic systems, it is important to have unified modeling frameworks, enhanced interoperability protocols, and adaptable algorithms that combine physics-based accuracy with intelligent automation. Such insights lay the basis of future research that would help to come up with resilient, secure, and self-optimizing energy systems.

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Paper Id: 232988

Published On: 2026-03-12

Published In: Volume 14, Issue 2, March-April 2026

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