Rise of DC Power for Homes in United States

Authors: Vinay Agarwal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37082/IJIRMPS.v14.i3.233108

Short DOI: https://doi.org/

Country: United States

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Abstract: The widespread growth of direct current (DC) native devices, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems at residences, and battery-based energy storage is dramatically changing how electricity is distributed within U.S. residential structures. Approximately 76 percent of today's home-based internal DC usage are based on end-use. However, the prevailing AC distribution paradigm requires multiple conversions from DC to AC which incur 3-5 percent losses and total losses of 15-25 percent for solar-to-load pathways. In this paper we present an overall examination of DC power distribution in residential structures, examining the current DC appliance ecosystem, comparative efficiencies of DC vs. AC architectures, integration with Smart Home Energy Management Systems, Safety and Security concerns, Cost-Benefit Analysis, and Multi-Stakeholder Impact Assessments. Results from our literature review and quantitative modeling indicate that DC Microgrids will result in 5-15 percent efficiency improvements in homes equipped with solar PV and battery storage. Additionally, the results also indicate that possible savings could be as much as 58 percent in costs. We identify pathways to adoption, standards required for adoption, and recommend policies to advance DC powered residential infrastructure in the United States.

Keywords: DC power distribution, residential microgrids, energy efficiency, smart home energy management, solar photovoltaics, power electronic converters, direct current appliances

Paper Id: 233108

Published On: 2026-05-10

Published In: Volume 14, Issue 3, May-June 2026

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