Hybrid Regenerative EV Charging System

Authors: Bhagat Rutuja Shivaji, Tambat Sanika Suryakant, Vishwase Rutuja Anil

Country: India

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Abstract: This project presents the design and development of a regenerative braking system using a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor, controlled by an Electronic Speed Controller (ESC) and an Arduino Nano microcontroller. The main objective of this system is to improve energy efficiency by recovering energy that is normally lost during braking and converting it into usable electrical energy.The system is designed to operate in two main modes: normal motor mode and regenerative braking mode. In the normal mode, the BLDC motor operates as a conventional motor. The Arduino Nano generates Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals which are provided to the ESC. Based on these signals, the ESC controls the speed and operation of the BLDC motor by supplying appropriate three-phase voltage. This allows smooth and efficient motor operation for performing mechanical work.When braking is required, the system switches to regenerative mode. In this mode, the Arduino Nano first reduces the speed of the motor gradually to ensure safe operation and avoid sudden damage to components.Afterreducingthespeed,the system usesarelay-basedswitchingmechanism to disconnecttheESCfromthemotorand connectthemotorterminalstoathree-phase bridge rectifier.

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Paper Id: 233122

Published On: 2026-05-20

Published In: Volume 14, Issue 3, May-June 2026

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