Advanced Spectroscopic Techniques: From Raman Scattering to Multi-Dimensional NMR

Authors: P. Aruna, G. Jyothi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37082/IJIRMPS.v14.i5.233214

Short DOI: https://doi.org/hcjfxv

Country: India

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Abstract: Vibrational and magnetic resonance spectroscopies together form the analytical backbone of modern structural chemistry, materials science, and biomolecular research. This review surveys two of the most information-rich spectroscopic families in current use: Raman scattering, from its spontaneous form through enhanced modalities such as surface-enhanced, resonance, tip-enhanced, and coherent Raman scattering; and multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), spanning two-dimensional homonuclear experiments such as correlation spectroscopy (COSY) and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) to heteronuclear experiments such as heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (HSQC) and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC), and their extension into three- and four-dimensional protein NMR. The physical basis, instrumentation, and characteristic spectral signatures of each technique are described, supported by comparative data tables drawn from the peer-reviewed literature. Representative applications are discussed across materials characterization, two-dimensional nanomaterials, biomedical diagnostics, protein structure determination, and metabolomics. A comparative analysis is presented to illustrate the complementary strengths of both analytical methods for the elucidation of molecular structure, dynamics and composition and new directions such as machine-learning-assisted structure elucidation from Raman spectra and hyphenation of Raman with various other instruments such as multi-dimensional NMR are discussed. The review is intended as a practical reference for researchers seeking to select or combine these techniques for structural and analytical investigations.

Keywords: Raman spectroscopy; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; nuclear magnetic resonance; two-dimensional NMR; HSQC; NOESY; vibrational spectroscopy; structure elucidation

Paper Id: 233214

Published On: 2026-09-13

Published In: Volume 14, Issue 5, September-October 2026

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